Biodegradable implants in orthopedics: from material science to clinical success

Abstract

Biodegradable implants have transformed the field of orthopedic surgery by providing temporary structural support and naturally degrading within the body, thus eliminating the need for a second removal surgery. These implants, made from polymers like polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and polycaprolactone (PCL), as well as biodegradable metals such as magnesium alloys, have shown promising clinical outcomes. For example, studies report a 93% success rate for biodegradable screws in pediatric fracture fixation, comparable to traditional titanium implants. The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the current evidence on biodegradable implants, focusing on their material properties, degradation kinetics, clinical applications, and potential advantages over traditional implants. Despite their benefits, challenges remain, including inflammatory responses, unpredictable degradation rates, and mechanical strength limitations. This review highlights ongoing research and innovations in material engineering aimed at overcoming these challenges, providing insight into the future directions of biodegradable implants in orthopedic practice.