Synergistic effects of nitrogen and sulphur on the agronomic performance and quality characteristics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Abstract

This study investigates the synergistic effects of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) levels on the agronomic performance and quality characteristics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), using data from a two-year trial (2022-23 and 2023-24) at A.N.D.U.A.T. Kumarganj, Ayodhya. A 4 × 4 factorial design was employed, with four levels of nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 kg ha⁻¹) and four levels of sulfur (0, 15, 30, 45 kg ha⁻¹). The results revealed significant improvements in growth parameters, seed yield, and straw yield when the highest levels of nitrogen and sulfur (120 kg ha⁻¹ N and 45 kg ha⁻¹ S) were applied, with maximum seed yield and straw yield reaching 23.26 kg ha⁻¹ and 79.68 kg ha⁻¹, respectively. Additionally, quality traits such as oil content (41.20%) and iodine value showed positive enhancement. Yield components, including the number of siliqua per plant, siliqua length, and seeds per siliqua, were also highest under this treatment. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing nitrogen and sulfur inputs to enhance both the yield and quality of Indian mustard, providing valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices in mustard cultivation across diverse agro-climatic conditions.