The impact of conservation agriculture on soil carbon sequestration and climate mitigation: A comprehensive review

Abstract

This in-depth analysis looks at how Conservation Agriculture (CA) affects soil carbon sequestration and how it helps slow global warming. A growing body of evidence suggests that conservation agriculture—which prioritizes minimizing soil disturbance, establishing permanent soil cover, and implementing crop rotations—may increase soil organic carbon (SOC) content, decrease emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), and boost agricultural output. Soil organic carbon (SOC) levels are affected by weather variables like temperature and precipitation; activities like burning have a negative influence on soil health and carbon storage; and the review delves into the consequences of these factors on soil and atmospheric carbon. Because microbial dynamics have such a profound effect on SOC levels, we also look at how CA practices relate to microbial activity and soil carbon sequestration. In addition, this research compares CA's effects on soil organic carbon (SOC), greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, crop production, and cost-effectiveness to those of traditional tillage methods. It then draws conclusions about CA's overall advantages. Carbonaceous acid (CA) increases soil carbon content and reduces emissions of nitrogen oxides (N₂, CH₄), according to the results. In addition, by reducing the requirement for external inputs, CA shows higher agricultural production and long-term cost-effectiveness. The environmental and economic benefits of incorporating Conservation Agriculture into sustainable agricultural systems may be easily understood by looking at tables that summarize the main differences between conventional techniques and Conservation Agriculture. An encouraging way ahead for environmentally responsible farming is highlighted in this review, which highlights the role of CA in climate change mitigation and soil health enhancement.