Dragonflies: A comprehensive review of their predatory role in ecosystem dynamics

Abstract

Mosquitoes are classified within the order Diptera, with the primary vector species belonging to the genera Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles. These mosquitoes serve as carriers of various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Recent estimates indicate that approximately 700 million individuals globally suffer from mosquito-borne illnesses, leading to over one million fatalities annually. Among these, Anopheles mosquitoes are the primary vectors of malaria. Meanwhile, species within the Aedes and Culex genera are responsible for transmitting various arboviral diseases to humans. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, vector control remains the cornerstone of mosquito-borne disease prevention. The most widely used approach for vector control involves the application of chemical insecticides. However, the effectiveness of chemical insecticides is increasingly compromised due to the development of resistance among mosquito populations. Consequently, there has been a shift towards eco-friendly vector control strategies. This study synthesizes relevant information on environmentally sustainable mosquito control techniques, drawing from extensive searches of scientific databases, including Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The findings underscore the significance of biological control as an effective and environmentally friendly approach. This method utilizes natural predators and microorganisms to manage mosquito populations. One promising predator is the dragonfly, which preys on mosquitoes and significantly reduces their populations in outdoor environments. While dragonflies may appear intimidating due to their biting behavior, they pose no threat to humans and are highly effective against mosquitoes. Research conducted globally highlights the potential of dragonflies in controlling mosquito species such as Aedes, Culex, and Anopheles. The artificial breeding and systematic release of dragonflies for biological control represent a practical and sustainable solution for managing mosquito vectors on a global scale.