In-field screening of elite Urdbean genotypes for pod borer complex tolerance using pest damage scoring, biochemical markers, and PCR-based molecular analysis

Abstract

Urdbean (Vigna mungo), an important pulse crop, suffers significant yield losses due to infestation by the pod borer complex, including Helicoverpa armigera and Maruca vitrata. This study aimed to screen elite urdbean genotypes for tolerance to pod borer infestation using an integrated approach combining pest damage scoring, biochemical marker analysis, and PCR-based molecular techniques. Field experiments were conducted under natural infestation conditions, and pest damage was evaluated using a standard damage scoring scale. Biochemical assays were performed to quantify defense-related markers, including chitinase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activities. PCR analysis targeted resistance-associated genes using specific molecular markers. The results revealed significant variation among genotypes in pest damage levels, biochemical defense responses, and the presence of resistance-associated genes. This study provides a robust platform for identifying pest-tolerant genotypes and emphasizes the importance of integrating morphological, biochemical, and molecular tools for sustainable pest management in urdbean breeding programs.