Biochemical and hematological profiles in sickle cell patients with aseptic osteonecrosis

Abstract

Aseptic osteonecrosis is a common complication in sickle cell patients. Its onset is insidious and constitutes a disabling condition that is very difficult and costly to treat. In Senegal, its prevalence in sickle cell patients is approximately 9.2%.The pathophysiology of osteonecrosis remains poorly understood and many risk factors have been implicated in its occurrence. Thus, the identification of biochemical and hematological disturbances associated with these risk factors could be an asset for etiological diagnosis and prevention of complications. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the biochemical and hematological profiles of sickle cell patients with aseptic osteonecrosis. This is a prospective analytical study of sickle cell patients with osteonecrosis followed at the National Blood Transfusion Center (CNTS). Biomarker assays were performed in the Biochemistry laboratory of the Fann University Hospital Center using the Architect Plus Ci 4100 (Abbott) and Maglumi X6 (Snibe) automata for biochemical parameters, the STart Max semi-automata (Stago) and the Sysmex XN-1500 for hematological parameters. The study population consisted of 63 sickle cell patients with osteonecrosis matched with 39 controls. The mean age was 32±11 years and the age range of 20 to 40 years was the most represented. SS forms predominated at 87.30% against 12.69% of SC forms. Analysis of biochemical parameters showed disturbances in the concentrations of total bilirubin > 12 mg/l and haptoglobin 500 ng/ml in 92.06% of patients. The results obtained suggest that the profile of biochemical and hematological parameters is associated with several disturbances including the increase in D-Dimers, hyperbilirubinemia and the decrease in haptoglobin which could be a predictive factor for the occurrence of osteonecrosis.