The Consumer Protection Act, 2019: A comparative analysis of legislative frameworks in India and Other Jurisdictions

Abstract

The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 marks a pivotal reform in India's approach to consumer rights and welfare, replacing the outdated Consumer Protection Act of 1986. This legislation responds to the dynamic challenges posed by modern consumer markets, particularly in the digital realm, where rapid advancements in technology and e-commerce have transformed the landscape of consumer transactions. The Act establishes the Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) to oversee and enforce consumer rights, empowering consumers with greater mechanisms for redress and accountability.This paper explores the key provisions of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, including the establishment of a multi-tier grievance redressal framework, enhanced penalties for unfair trade practices, and specific regulations for e-commerce. Furthermore, it examines emerging trends in consumer welfare, such as the rise of ethical consumerism, data privacy concerns, and the implications of globalization on consumer rights. Despite its progressive nature, the Act faces significant challenges in implementation, including delays in dispute resolution, a lack of consumer awareness, and regulatory complexities in digital markets. By analyzing these dimensions, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, and its role in shaping consumer rights in India. The findings underscore the necessity for ongoing reforms and adaptive strategies to effectively safeguard consumer interests in an evolving marketplace.