Bridging Gap: Abutments as sentinels of periimplant health

Abstract

The abutment, a crucial component in dental implant systems, plays a pivotal role in peri-implant tissue health and overall implant longevity. This review explores the influence of abutment design, material, and surface characteristics on peri-implant tissue integration and management. Various abutment materials, including titanium, zirconia, and hybrid composites, exhibit distinct biological responses at the soft tissue interface. The connection type, micro-gap formation, and bacterial colonization are also critical factors affecting peri-implant tissue stability. Clinical protocols for selecting and maintaining abutments to minimize peri-implantitis risks are discussed. Recent advancements in abutment technologies, including CAD/CAM customization and antibacterial surface coatings, provide promising avenues for improving clinical outcomes. Future research should focus on optimizing abutment designs to enhance soft tissue sealing and reduce inflammatory responses around implants.