Collaborative and multifaceted approaches to preventing and managing complications in diabetes: The integral roles of nurses and pharmacists in patient-centered care

Abstract

Background: The global prevalence of diabetes is escalating, with significant increases projected in both industrialized and developing nations by 2030. This surge is exacerbated by factors such as urbanization, poor dietary habits, and limited access to healthcare, leading to increased healthcare costs. Effective management strategies are essential to mitigate diabetes-related complications. Methods: This scoping review analyzed intervention strategies employed in pharmacist-led diabetes management. Articles were sourced from databases like Medline, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering research from 1990 to 2023. The review focused on the various roles of pharmacists, their collaboration with healthcare teams, and the types of interventions implemented. Results: The review identified eight primary intervention strategies: diabetes education, medication review, pharmaceutical counseling, clinical intervention, lifestyle modification, self-management support, peer support, and behavioral interventions. A significant number of studies (n = 37) featured multidisciplinary teams, while 24 studies focused solely on pharmacist-led care. Results indicated substantial improvements in glycemic control and medication adherence across most trials, with diabetes education being the most frequently employed intervention. Conclusion: The findings highlight the critical role of pharmacists in diabetes management through diverse intervention strategies. The integration of education and medication review significantly enhances patient outcomes. However, there is a need for standardized terminology and systematic categorization of intervention strategies to facilitate future research and practice.