Evaluation of divergence for drought condition in Maize (Zea maize L.)

Abstract

The genetic diversity of 27 maize genotypes was assessed through cluster analysis, revealing ten distinct clusters, with Cluster I being the largest (16 genotypes). Intra-cluster distances ranged from 7.92 to 8.68, while inter-cluster distances varied from 7.86 to 22.97, highlighting significant genetic variability. Cluster means demonstrated substantial differences in agronomic traits, with Cluster VI exhibiting superior performance in yield per plant (190.97 g), cob weight (225.80 g) and 100-kernel weight (36.85 g). Proline content emerged as the key contributor to genetic divergence, followed by yield per plant and 100-kernel weight. Drought-tolerant genotypes (e.g., VH18614 and VH19182) displayed high proline levels, underscoring its role as an indicator of resilience. The findings provide critical insights for hybridization and breeding programs, with recommended crosses such as VH1846 × VH2052 to maximize yield potential.