Analysis of high-rise building dynamics under wind and earthquake loads

Abstract

High-rise buildings are increasingly vulnerable to dynamic environmental forces, particularly wind and earthquake loads, which pose significant challenges to their structural stability, occupant comfort, and safety. This study aimed to analyze the dynamic behavior of high-rise buildings under isolated and combined wind-seismic loading scenarios and evaluate the effectiveness of supplemental damping systems, such as tuned mass dampers (TMDs), in mitigating these responses. The study utilized finite element models developed in structural analysis software, with building configurations of varying height, stiffness, and damping properties. Time-history analyses were conducted using wind load inputs derived from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and seismic acceleration records, while validation was performed through shake table and wind tunnel tests.The results demonstrated that undamped high-rise buildings experienced substantial displacements, interstory drift, and accelerations under combined wind and seismic loads. Peak displacement reached 1.9 m, interstory drift exceeded safety thresholds at 2.5%, and acceleration values rose to 0.4g, surpassing occupant comfort limits. In contrast, the implementation of TMDs significantly reduced these responses, with displacements decreasing by 32%, drift ratios falling to below the permissible 1.5%, and accelerations dropping to 0.25g. Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA confirmed significant effects of load type and damping presence (p< 0.001) on structural performance.The findings highlight the critical need for integrating multi-hazard design approaches and advanced damping systems into high-rise building frameworks to address the combined effects of wind and seismic forces. Practical recommendations include adopting hybrid damping technologies, aerodynamic façade improvements, and real-time structural monitoring systems. This study provides valuable insights for structural engineers, urban planners, and policymakers aiming to enhance the resilience of high-rise buildings in multi-hazard-prone regions.