Occurrence of ESBL-producing Enterobacter cloacae in the broiler production chain in Wayanad, India

Abstract

Seafood is an integral part of diets worldwide, valued for its rich flavours and exceptional nutritional benefits. Enterococcus faecium is a significant nosocomial pathogen known for its increasing antibiotic resistance and association with severe infections in healthcare settings. This study aimed to detect the presence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium in seafood retailed in Wayanad district, Kerala, India. A total of 204 samples (seafood and environmental samples) were collected from six retail fish outlets and analysed using conventional culture methods, followed by genotypic confirmation of E. faecium using PCR. Vancomycin resistance in isolates was assessed both phenotypically and genotypically. The results revealed an occurrence rate of 28.73 per cent for E. faecium in the seafood samples and 30.00 per cent in the environmental samples. Phenotypically, 3.39 per cent of the isolates exhibited vancomycin resistance, while genotypically, 1.69 per cent of the isolates harboured the vanA gene. The detection of the vanA gene in seafood samples is particularly concerning as it suggests the potential spread of vancomycin resistance beyond healthcare settings. These findings underscore the need for enhanced food safety practices and surveillance to mitigate the public health risks associated with vancomycin-resistant E. faecium in the food chain.