Therapeutic potential of Pimpinella anisum L. (Anisoon): A comprehensive review of potent herbal drug in traditional medicine

Abstract

Pimpinella anisum L. (Anisoon) is a Mediterranean herb used in traditional medicine across civilizations for various ailments. Its fruits and oil, rich in anethole, have been employed in many systems i.e. Unani, Ayurveda, and Siddha. Studies have shown that Pimpinella anisum L. is effective against neurological and mental disorders, respiratory diseases, gastrointestinal issues, female reproductive conditions, cancer, diabetes, inflammation, and various infections. The current work compiles information based on classical texts and recent studies on Pimpinella anisum L., covering its distribution, morphology, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities, and ethnobotanical uses. Data was gathered from sources like Google Scholar, PubMed, MDPI, ScienceDirect, Springer, and medicinal plant books, including Unani literature from 1891-2024. The study also suggests guidelines for future research to address less-explored areas. The compiled data indicates that Anisoon is effectively used as a digestive, diuretic, emmenagogue, analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, lactagogue, and carminative. Its therapeutic properties are mainly attributed to anethole, the primary bioactive component in anise oil. When combined with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, it enhances efficacy, reduces dosage, and potentially overcomes drug resistance. Due to limited experimental studies and the lack of clinical trials, further research is needed to validate the pharmacological activities of Pimpinella anisum L. Additionally, in-depth studies are required to substantiate its therapeutic uses as described in classical texts.