Management of diseases of grain legume based cropping system through eco-friendly approach: A review

Abstract

One of the most crucial elements of sustainable agriculture in many regions of the world are grain legumes, a group of leguminous crops primarily referred to as nitrogen fixers. These crops, particularly legumes, which are nutrient-rich grains, are farmed for their many health and environmental benefits. These are frequently ingested due to their high nutritional content and are a significant source of protein for the world's vegetarian and impoverished populations. Since cereals and pulses are typically consumed together for a fully balanced diet, the amino acids in pulses supplement those in cereals in nations like India. Pulses are significant not only in India but also in many other developing nations where they are seen as a convenient food source. Additionally, the United Nations Organisation designated 2016 as the International Year of Pulses. Important grain legumes include chickpeas, lentils, peas, pigeonpeas, mungbeans, urdbeans, and rajma. In addition, numerous desert legume crops, such as horsegram, cowpea, and mothbean, are cultivated in arid regions of the world. One of the most significant biotic barriers to pulse production is disease. It is necessary for their management practices to spread to the growers in order to reduce disease-related losses and provide them with financial advantages. Pulses are susceptible to numerous diseases brought on by a diverse range of pathogens, the majority of which are viral and fungi. However, nematodes and bacteria are responsible for a number of disorders. Organic farming practices are easy to apply, affordable, and preserve crop quality while also increasing soil fertility.