Trait interactions and yield determinants in maize: A correlation and path analysis approach under varying water conditions

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the genotypic correlations and path coefficients of yield-contributing traits in maize under drought and normal conditions. Seventeen genotypes were assessed for 15 characters, with grain yield per plant being the primary dependent variable. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive associations between grain yield and traits such as cob weight, 100 kernel weight, cob width and kernel rows per cob under both the conditions, with stronger correlations observed in drought. Path analysis highlighted key traits with high positive direct effects on grain yield, including cob weight and 100 kernel weight under both conditions. Days to 50 per cent tasselling exhibited a positive effect in drought, while days to 50 per cent silking was more impactful in normal conditions. The study underscores the importance of trait selection in breeding programs, with cob weight, kernel rows and kernel weight emerging as vital targets for enhancing yield under water-limited conditions. These findings provide valuable insights for maize improvement strategies focused on increasing yield stability in varying environments.