Immune response to possible suppressive or stimulatory effects of ionizing radiation on the immune system

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ionizing radiation on immune response and to evaluate its potential suppressive or stimulatory effects on the immune system. In this context, the impact of radiation exposure on complete blood parameters was examined, with a focus on the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV). Material and method: This cross-sectional study evaluated healthcare workers exposed (n=60) and not exposed (n=39) to ionizing radiation. Inclusion criteria were ages 18–65, ≥1 year of experience, and no chronic diseases. Blood samples were analyzed for Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and Pan-Immune-Inflammation Value (PIV) using a Sysmex XN 1000 analyzer. Result: The case group had a significantly lower neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (1.68±0.77 vs. 2.16±0.87, p=0.027) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) (426.07±187.17 vs. 553.41±207.24, p=0.015) compared to the control group. No significant differences were found between the groups for neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, platelet count, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and pan-immune-inflammation value (PIV) (p>0.05 for all). Conclusion: The study revealed that healthcare workers exposed to radiation had lower NLR and SII levels than the control group, indicating potential effects on inflammation and immunity. No significant differences in other blood parameters suggest that these impacts may target specific systems. The results highlight the need for regular medical screenings and monitoring of long-term immune effects in these workers. Further research with larger samples and extended follow-ups is essential to validate these findings and establish protective measures against radiation exposure.