Comparative evaluation of diagnostic methods for brucellosis in livestock: A comprehensive analysis

Abstract

Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the Brucella species, presents a considerable threat to livestock health and public safety worldwide. Brucellosis is a major health concern in developing countries, including India, where it poses serious challenges to both livestock and human populations. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of various diagnostic methods employed for brucellosis in livestock. The sensitivity, specificity, and practicality of these diagnostic approaches are compared to identify optimal strategies for early detection and management in livestock populations, ultimately contributing to improved animal health and food safety. The Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Milk Ring Test (MRT) are the most commonly used serological tests for the diagnosis of the disease, whereas i-ELISA is the most widely used molecular diagnostic method. Molecular diagnostics, such as PCR, RT-PCR, and PCR-MS, generate rapid results with similar sensitivity but with low sensitivity at times. In conclusion, the RBPT stands out as the most appropriate diagnostic method for the detection and management of brucellosis in animals, primarily due to its well-established high sensitivity and specificity.