Isolation of gram-negative bacteria from respiratory infections in dogs with molecular detection of predominant bacteria in Baghdad city

Abstract

The present study aimed to isolate and detect the Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the nasal cavity of dogs in Baghdad city (100 dogs) of both sexes and different ages (46 dogs less than year and 54 dogs more than year) from different breeds examined in veterinary clinics and Baghdad veterinary hospital during the period from November 2022 to March 2023. One hundred nasal swabs were collected from the infected dogs and then analyzed by conventional bacteriological methods, Vitek analysis, and molecular detection by conventional PCR technique of predominant bacteria. The results of the clinical study of the examined dogs revealed that the most prevalent signs in dogs were difficulty breathing and fever with loss of appetite, followed by rhinitis, sneezing, and coughing. The total isolation rate in dogs of various types of bacteria was 30% without significant differences among bacteria species. The results of the bacterial isolation and identification showed that Psedomonas aeruginosa was the most isolated species (12%) from the nasal cavity of dogs, followed by various types of bacteria: Psedomonas luteola, Serratia ficaris, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Leclercia adecarboxylata. The infection rate with various species of isolated bacteria was not affected by the sex of the examined dogs; the total rate of isolation in dogs was 23.6% in males and 37.7% in females, without significant differences. The percentage of bacterial isolation with different types was highly recorded in dogs (39.1%) in the age group less than one year as compared with the age group more than one year (22.2%). The study concluded that highly prevalence of different types and species of Gram-negative bacteria associated with respiratory infection in dogs in Iraq.