Exploring efficiency limits in emerging photovoltaic technologies: A comparative analysis

Abstract

Photovoltaic (PV) technologies are a crucial component in addressing global energy needs, yet their widespread adoption is hindered by efficiency limitations. In this paper, we evaluate the current efficiency limits of different solar cell technologies, such as crystalline silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), organic photovoltaics (OPV), and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). We use various performance metrics to assess these technologies against the theoretical Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit and propose possible avenues for breaking through these efficiency barriers. A combination of data analysis and projections offers insights into the future direction of solar cell research.