In vitro plant regeneration and callus formation in Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.)

Abstract

Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) is a significant crop that is extensively cultivated in India due to its high nutritional value and a multitude of health benefits. This hardy grain is particularly esteemed for its capacity to thrive in adverse environmental conditions, including elevated temperatures, drought and suboptimal soil quality. A study was carried out to investigate In vitro plant regeneration, focusing on root and shoot development, as well as callus induction, from the seeds of Panicum miliaceum L. (var GPUP-25) where the seeds were cultured on MS media supplemented with various concentrations of NAA and 2,4-D at concentrations of 1.5 mg/l, 2.0 mg/l, and 2.5 mg/l. Additionally, subculturing was conducted utilizing explants (leaf bases) from four-week-old seed-derived plantlets, initially grown on basal MS media as well as MS media supplemented with 1.5 mg/l NAA, and then transferred to MS media containing varying concentrations of NAA, 2,4-D, IAA, and IBA to facilitate direct plant regeneration. The most favorable root development occurred in MS media supplemented with 1.5 mg/l NAA, which resulted in the highest number of roots relative to the other concentrations of NAA as well as 2,4-D. In the case of shoot development, minor variations were observed in both the quantity and length of shoots across all concentrations of NAA and 2,4-D. The optimum callus formation was induced with MS media supplemented with 2.5 mg/l 2,4-D. Callus formation was also supported through the subculturing of In vitro grown proso millet on MS media supplemented with 2.5 mg/l NAA.