Exploring the rich tapestry of natural dyes: A systematic review

Abstract

As part of the search for new insecticide molecules, the larvicidal activity of essential oils from two aromatic plants from Niger was evaluated on Anopheles gambiae s l larvae. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the larvicidal tests were carried out according to a WHO protocol (1985). Analysis by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-MS showed that the essential oil of Ocimum americanum L. (Dry leafy stems) is mainly composed of camphor (28.1%) and eucalyptol (17.6%). Ocimum basilicum essential oil (Dry stems), on the other hand, contains mainly β-linalool (53.18%) and eucalyptol (10.28%). Bioassays showed that O. canum essential oil (LD50 = 61.50 ppm) is the most active against Anopheles gambiae larvae. The essential oil samples in the present study were less active than deltamethrin (LD50 = 2.3 ppm) used as a reference. Despite this difference in activity, essential oils could be of great interest in the formulation of new insecticides.