Comprehensive clinical analysis of uterine torsion severity and outcomes in buffaloes: Correlation of key clinical features with prognostic indicators

Abstract

A critical analysis of 20 cases of uterine torsion was conducted. These cases were presented in the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic (ICAR-IVRI) over a period of one year. They were evaluated for their severity and treated accordingly. The outcomes in terms of dam survivability and live fetus were recorded. The four clinical features of uterine torsion and their different levels of severity were correlated and compared with the outcomes of the cases. This analysis can be used to predict the outcomes of uterine torsion cases based on their severity. The degrees of severity were derived based on the correlation between the different clinical features of uterine torsion and their variable attributes. The clinical features such as Straining Time (<12 h, 12≤ 24 h, >24 h), Degree of Torsion (90-180, 180-270, >270), Consistency of Torsion Point (soft, tough, adhered), and Presence of Foul Smell (no smell, mild, severe) were analyzed to establish correlation with the outcomes of cases and further help the clinicians to choose the mode of treatment based on the severity. The results revealed that Consistency of Torsion Point, Degree of Torsion, and Presence of Foul Smell are highly associated with fetal outcomes, with more severe cases (tougher torsion points, greater torsion angles, and severe smells) leading to poorer outcomes. Straining Time also plays a significant role, with shorter times (<12h) being associated with better fetal survivability (p< 0.05). There is a strong positive correlation between Degree of Torsion and Severity, indicating that the higher the torsion degree, the more severe the case.