Unravelling of DNA profiling in wheat genotypes using microsatellite marker

Abstract

A total of 93 alleles were amplified, with each primer producing an average of 5.16 polymorphic bands. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 11. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value varied between 0.17 and 0.805, with an average of 0.680. SSR markers proved highly effective in detecting genetic diversity, making them suitable for maintaining wheat genetic diversity, which is critical for future wheat improvement programs. Genomic DNA was extracted from 33 different wheat genotypes using the CTAB method and analyzed with 18 SSR marker primers. The SSR markers effectively detected genetic diversity, and the genetic similarity matrix of the genotypes was calculated using NTSYSpc 2.1 software, employing the UPGMA (Unweighted Paired Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages) clustering method. The primary objectives of this study were to: dissect genetic polymorphism, assess the level of genetic diversity, explore genetic relationships, select efficient and highly diverse parent genotypes, maintain germplasm, and identify informative SSR markers. The insights gained from this study provide a foundation for developing a strategic roadmap for efficient parent selection and future crop improvement initiatives.