Impact of air pollution on human health a comprehensive review

Abstract

Air pollution is a significant environmental health hazard affecting populations worldwide. This review provides a data-driven analysis of the impact of air pollution on human health, with a focus on particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ground-level ozone (O₃). The review compiles evidence from global studies, analyzing the prevalence of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular issues, cancer, and neurological disorders associated with chronic exposure to air pollution. It also explores vulnerable populations, such as children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions, who are disproportionately affected by air pollution. By understanding the magnitude of air pollution’s health impacts, this review aims to inform mitigation policies and enhance public health responses.