Trends and impact of different irrigation sources on cropping intensity in Gujarat

Abstract

Cropping intensity and irrigation intensity are two significant indicators for measuring the agricultural practices and productivity. The study examined the trends and impact of various irrigation sources on cropping intensity in Gujarat from 1991 to 2021. The study revealed that, the irrigation practices was significant shifts over the three decades, while tube well irrigation initially dominated but its reliance has declined due to the expansion of canal irrigation, particularly through projects like the Narmada canal network. This diversification of irrigation sources led to notable increases in both cropping and irrigation intensities across Gujarat. Districts such as Banaskantha, Kheda and Junagadh saw significant growth in cropping intensity, while irrigation intensity rose prominently in Mehsana and Banaskantha. The compound growth rates of irrigation sources varied, with canal irrigation gaining momentum in recent years and tank irrigation contributing modestly. Instability was more pronounced in canal and tank irrigation, while tube well irrigation remained relatively stable. The analysis revealed that irrigation intensity had a strong positive influence on cropping intensity, with canal and tube well irrigation having the most significant impacts. This highlighted the critical role of sustained irrigation development in enhancing agricultural productivity and rural employment in Gujarat.