Assessment of suitable thermal sensitive varieties of black gram at Parbhani Maharashtra

Abstract

A research trial named “study of thermal regimes in black gram (Vigna mungo)” was conducted at research farm of Department of Agricultural Meteorology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani during kharif season 2023. The research field was laidout in split-plot design with three replications and four date of sowing viz. D1 (26th SMW), D2 (27th SMW), D3 (28th SMW), D4 (29th SMW) and four varieties viz. V1 (Phule Rajan), V2 (Phule Vasu), V3 (TAU-1) and V4 (AKU-15) sown with the spacing of 30 x 10 cm2 using 16 treatments and 48 plots. It was observed that the duration from flowering to maturity was delayed in late sowings. As the sowing time delays, there is shortening of phenophases took place in thermal regimes of D2, D3 and D4.Thus, the growth of black gram crop fastened during the last stages i.e. right from flowering to maturity stage in late sown crops. This is due to the thermal stress faced by the black gram crop in its later stages of growth i.e. after pod formation stage. The variety Phule Rajan was found superior over variety Phule Vasu, TAU-1 and AKU-15. The yield attributing characters like number of pods/plant, pod weight (gm/plant), seed yield (gm/plant), seed yield (kg/ha), etc found highest in D2 sowing followed by D1 and D3. The lowest yield was found in D4 sowing due to thermal stress conditions in later stages of growth faced by delayed sowings. In case of varieties, Phule Rajan found superior over Phule Vasu, TAU-1 andAKU-15. High temperature stress during reproductive growth stages in black gram crop reduces yield component and seed yield. Using thermal sensitivity index (TSI) the thermal stress tolerance of the 4 varieties were also analysed. The TSI is the percentage ratio of the range of duration under different date of sowing to the average duration of each variety. Thermal sensitivity index (TSI) for all three varieties of black gram under four date of sowing as work out and found that Phule Rajan, Phule Vasu and AKU-15 were moderately tolerant whereasTAU-1 was moderately susceptible to thermal stress.