Governance reforms in the caliphate of Omar IBN Abd Al-Aziz (RA): A historical and economic overview (717-720 CE)

Abstract

The paper analyzes the reforms undertaken by Caliph Omar ibn Abd Al-Aziz (RA) that occurred when it was considered the golden period in 717-720 CE during his rule in the Islamic form of government. The political instability and corruption in the background required Omar's government to focus more on rectifying injustices and inequality in the Umayyad Caliphate. This he pursued in terms of a principle of justice ('Adl'), accountability ('Hesab'), and public welfare ('Maslaha'), which ultimately reoriented the governance framework according to priority needs of the community. This paper shall outline an historical overview of the socio-political context which necessitated reform, examine some core principles defining his governance framework, and highlight some critical reforms which touched administration as well as the economy. Reforms undertaken by Omar proved more than just to eradicate the crises at hand but also to create a legacy of moral leadership and social balance influencing current-day debates on governance. This paper proves the applicability of the principles of Islamic governance in modern life and their ability to improve the lives of people.