Constraints perceived by paddy cultivators in Theni district, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Rice is a critical food crop globally, feeding over 2.7 billion people. In India, rice contributes 10 per cent of agricultural GDP, with 44.6 million hectares under cultivation and a production of 80 million tones. However, productivity faces challenges due to climate change, with extreme weather events like floods and droughts threatening food security. This study was conducted in the Theni district of Tamil Nadu, focusing on constraints faced by paddy growers. Data was collected from 60 farmers using interview schedule and analyzed using percentage analysis and Garrett’s ranking technique. The study found that heavy damage from birds and rats, high incidence of pests and diseases was the most significant constraints, followed by unavailability of quality seeds, high labor wages, Lack of technical guidance and delayed paddy procurement were also highlighted as critical problems. Based on the findings, the study suggests research prioritization in developing pest-resistant varieties, producing high-quality seeds, promoting mechanization, improving storage infrastructure, stabilizing market prices, and implementing water-efficient irrigation systems. Government intervention in providing credit, subsidies, and better market access is also recommended to support farmers. Addressing these constraints is crucial for ensuring sustainable rice production and enhancing the livelihoods of farmers in the region.