Role of microorganisms in soil fertility: Agronomic perspectives

Abstract

Soil fertility is integral to sustainable agriculture and crop productivity, with soil microorganisms serving a vital role in enhancing and maintaining soil health. Microbial activities contribute to nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, nitrogen fixation, and soil structure improvement, all of which are essential processes for fertile soils. This review provides an agronomic perspective on the role of soil microorganisms in soil fertility. We discuss microbial contributions to nutrient availability, the benefits of microbial bioproducts such as biofertilizers, and their impact on soil health indicators. Furthermore, we explore the challenges and future prospects for harnessing microbial functions in sustainable agricultural practices. By improving our understanding and management of soil microbiota, we can optimize crop yields and foster resilient, sustainable agricultural systems.