Gross anatomical studies on the liver of sambar deer (Rusa unicolor)

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate the gross anatomical features of the liver in sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), a species listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. Liver samples were obtained from six adult sambar deer that had died due to accidents or natural causes. Morphological measurements were taken, focusing on the topographical relationships of the liver within the abdominal cavity. The liver was firm, reddish-brown, and lacked a gall bladder. It exhibited distinct lobation, with the left lobe showing notable fissures and notches. The average weight of the liver was 1.62±0.11 kg, with a length of 26.77±0.64 cm and width of 20.63±0.37 cm. This study provides essential data on the liver anatomy of sambar deer, contributing to conservation efforts and improving the health management of this species in captivity.