A review of phytochemical-based antiepileptic agents: Insights from molecular docking studies

Abstract

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder affecting millions worldwide, often managed with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). However, a significant portion of patients experience drug resistance or adverse side effects, highlighting the need for alternative therapies. Phytochemicals, plant-derived compounds, have gained attention for their anticonvulsant properties, offering a potential solution with fewer side effects. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of epilepsy, current AED limitations, and the potential of phytochemicals as antiepileptic agents. Using molecular docking studies, key phytochemicals such as quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, and berberine demonstrate significant binding affinities with important neurological targets, including GABA receptors, ion channels, and inflammatory pathways. The findings suggest that these phytochemicals hold promise in the development of safer and more effective treatments for epilepsy. Continued research is necessary to validate their clinical efficacy.