Urachal cyst as a rare case involving urinary bladder in adults: A case report

Abstract

Urachal cysts are rare congenital anomalies that occur due to incomplete obliteration of the urachus, a structure present during fetal development connecting the bladder to the umbilicus. This case report discusses a rare presentation of an infected urachal cyst in a 21-year-old female, who presented with lower abdominal pain, increased frequency of micturition, and a cystic mass on imaging studies. The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics followed by surgical excision of the cyst. Histopathology revealed features consistent with a urachal cyst complicated by acute and chronic inflammation. Urachal cysts are often asymptomatic but can present with infection or even malignancy in later stages. Diagnosis is challenging due to non-specific symptoms, and imaging modalities such as ultrasound and CT are essential for identification. Surgical resection remains the definitive treatment, especially in cases of infection or recurrent symptoms.