Melatonin-primed seeds improve germination and enhance root system architecture in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Melatonin, a multifunctional hormone found in various organisms, has gained significant attention in plant biology due to its potential role in regulating various physiological processes. A crucial phase of a plant's life cycle is seed germination. Recent studies have demonstrated that melatonin plays a critical role in promoting germination and influence root architecture. To assess the impact of melatonin on germination indices and root development, wheat seeds of the cv HD2967 variety were primed with varying concentrations of melatonin: MT1 (15 mgL⁻¹), MT2 (30 mgL⁻¹), MT3 (50 mgL⁻¹), MT4 (60 mgL⁻¹), MT5 (75 mgL⁻¹), and water as a control. Among these, MT3 (50 mgL⁻¹) and MT4 (60 mgL⁻¹) significantly enhanced radicle length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, root characteristics, and overall germination potential. In conclusion, melatonin emerges as a key regulator of seed germination and root development in plants. Its ability to enhance the germination rates, promote root growth and alleviates stress effects underscores it as a potential and valuable tool in plant science and crop improvement strategies.