Performance analysis of vertical axis solar tracking systems using Arduino Uno and stepper motor

Abstract

The growing demand for electrical energy has made it essential to find ways to enhance power system capacity. One effective approach is to use photovoltaic (PV) systems with solar trackers to increase energy output. This research focuses on solar trackers that follow the sun’s path, maximizing sunlight exposure for solar panels. Specifically, a vertical single-axis tracker was chosen for its cost-effectiveness and higher power output. The design utilizes a satellite dish base, mimicking the sun’s movement along a parabolic path. A DC motor and Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) control the panel's movement, managed by an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The system is standalone, powered by a battery charged by the PV panel. Data were collected by installing both tracking and fixed solar panels, positioned at a 32.77-degree incline and oriented southwest. The results show that the tracking solar panel consistently receives higher solar radiation and voltage, resulting in an 11.39% increase in efficiency compared to the fixed PV panel.