Variability of soil properties and their implications for agricultural management in the central plain of Manipur, India

Abstract

Soil fertility is essential for sustainable agricultural productivity and regional development. This study examines the variability of soil properties across five different farmlands in the Central Plain of Manipur, India. The analyses of soil samples revealed significant differences in physical and chemical characteristics. The clay content was highest in Khurkhul (59.3%) and moderate in Mayang Imphal (34.8%), which influences water retention and drainage. Both Lamlai and Khurkhul had higher nutrient availability due to greater organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC). While Khurkhul exhibited high moisture retention, Iroishemba had high readily available water despite its high bulk density. Statistical analyses showed positive correlations between soil structure, stability, and nutrient availability. These findings suggest that Khurkhul and Lamlai have potential for agriculture due to their favourable soil properties. Conversely, the high bulk density in Iroishemba indicates a compact structure that may restrict root penetration and aeration. Therefore, proper nutrient management practices are essential to enhance soil health in this area. This study highlights the importance of considering the variability in soil properties when developing agricultural management strategies to maximize the agricultural potential of the Central Plain of Manipur.