Comparative analysis of synthetic vs. natural edge activators in transferosomes: Effects on deformability and drug release

Abstract

The study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of synthetic and natural edge activators incorporated into transferosomes, focusing on their effects on deformability and drug release characteristics. Transferosomes are advanced vesicular systems designed to enhance drug delivery across biological membranes due to their unique deformability and adaptability. Edge activators, which are crucial components of transferosome formulations, influence the flexibility and stability of these vesicles. Synthetic edge activators, such as surfactants and phospholipid derivatives, are known for their precise and controlled properties, while natural edge activators, derived from plant or animal sources, offer potential advantages in biocompatibility and sustainability. This research systematically evaluates both types of activators by preparing transferosomes with each category and subjecting them to rigorous deformability tests and drug release studies. The deformability of transferosomes was assessed using extrusion through filters of varying pore sizes, and microscopic analysis was employed to observe the vesicles' structural adaptability. For drug release evaluation, in vitro release profiles were generated to determine the efficiency and rate of drug release from transferosomes. The results indicate distinct differences between synthetic and natural edge activators in influencing the performance of transferosomes. Synthetic edge activators typically provided enhanced control over deformability, resulting in improved penetration through biological barriers, whereas natural edge activators demonstrated favorable release profiles and biocompatibility.