How to evaluate vitiligo activity?

Abstract

Vitiligo is a persistent skin disorder primarily mediated by the immune system, affecting both the innate and adaptive immune responses. It is characterized by well-defined white macules and patches due to the gradual loss of melanocytes in the skin and hair. The global prevalence ranges from 0.06% to 2.28%, and the condition is recognized as an autoimmune disorder influenced by oxidative stress, genetic, and environmental factors. Vitiligo can be classified into two main types: non-segmental and segmental. Identifying active vitiligo is crucial for implementing appropriate treatment strategies. Clinical markers such as inflammatory borders, Koebner phenomenon, and depigmentation resembling confetti help assess disease activity. The dermoscopic score (BPLeFoSK) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) score provide additional methods to evaluate vitiligo activity and stability.