Medicinal plants in the management of autoimmune diseases

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are characterized by dysregulated immune responses where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The rising prevalence of AIDs such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and type 1 diabetes has sparked interest in complementary and alternative therapies, particularly medicinal plants. This review explores the role of medicinal plants in the management of autoimmune diseases, focusing on their Immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. We will examine the bioactive compounds in key plants such as Curcuma longa (turmeric), Withania somnifera (ashwagandha), Boswellia serrata (Indian frankincense), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), along with the mechanisms through which these compounds modulate immune responses. By evaluating clinical studies and ethnopharmacological data, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential of medicinal plants in AID management.