Reflections on Justice and Dharma (Righteousness) in ancient Indian texts

Abstract

This article enunciates the concept of justice as propounded in Indian scriptures, based on a review of ancient texts like the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Upanishads, Manu smriti, the Upanishads, and the Ramayana, and Kautilya’s Artha shastra. Justice in Indian philosophy is deeply interwoven with the principles of Dharma, or righteousness, which is essential for maintaining universal cosmic and social order. Though it bears some similarities with philosophy prevalent in the West, distinct and vital features place it on a different level. After defining Justice and Dharma and their inter-relationship, the article examines specific verses from some important Indian texts focusing on the tenets of protection of righteousness, moral duty, truth and delivery of justice. The article is significant because it demonstrates that these ancient principles continue to hold relevance in contemporary Indian society.