Understanding and resolving the progress obstacles of Japanese encephalitis

Abstract

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is a renowned life-threatening viral disease caused by none other than the Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), a member of the FLAVIVIRIDAE family. The symptoms may include fever, headache, seizures, disorientation and sometimes coma. Although symptomatic cases of Japanese encephalitis are rare, the disease has a high fatality rate of up to 30% and at least 30 to 50% of survivors suffer with permanent neurological damage and yet around 10 to 20% of those affected may experience only mild symptoms. The Culex mosquito is the primary vector responsible for transmitting the virus. JE is endemic in several Indian states, including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and Assam. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of Japanese Encephalitis, its progression and the challenges associated with its treatment.