The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases

Abstract

The gut microbiota, consisting of trillions of microorganisms, plays a critical role in maintaining immune homeostasis and overall health. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in gut microbiota composition, or dysbiosis, may contribute to the development and progression of autoimmune diseases. This review aims to explore the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influences the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including its role in modulating immune responses, maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, and interacting with genetic and environmental factors. We also discuss current therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as potential treatments for autoimmune diseases.