Status and prospects of sex sorted semen in India

Abstract

The dairy industry in India has experienced substantial growth, contributing significantly to the nation's economic development and rural livelihoods. Although artificial insemination (AI) has been instrumental in enhancing dairy herds and boosting milk production, persistent challenges remain, such as the surplus of low-value male calves and complications like dystocia. Sex-sorted semen technology presents a promising solution, allowing farmers to strategically choose the gender offspring. This technology empowers dairy farmers to focus on breeding superior female animals, optimizing their operations for milk production. The historical evolution of sex-sorted semen technology highlights significant milestones in genetics and reproductive biology, leading to its practical application in animal breeding. Various sperm sexing methods, both conventional and commercial, have been developed, with commercial approaches using advanced technologies like flow cytometry and microfluidics. However, the limitations in usage of sex-sorted semen are reduced conception rates and potential defects, such as DNA damage and membrane alterations in sperm. Strategies to enhance fertility, including higher insemination doses and synchronization programs, have shown promising results. The adoption of sexed semen in India, while growing, faces supply challenges and requires efforts to make it more accessible and affordable for farmers.