Microplastics pollution: An emerging threat to environment

Abstract

Plastic production has surged dramatically over the past seven decades, making plastics ubiquitous in various industries such as clothing, packaging, and construction due to their cost-effectiveness and versatile properties. However, the environmental and health risks associated with synthetic polymers, particularly microplastics (MPs), have become a major concern. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the issue with increased single-use plastic waste, including disposable masks, contributing to environmental disruption. MPs, defined as plastic particles less than 5 mm, have been increasingly detected in diverse ecosystems, including terrestrial, aquatic, and atmospheric environments. In India, rapid industrialization and inadequate waste management have led to significant MP pollution, with major urban areas contributing heavily to coastal and freshwater contamination. MPs impact marine and terrestrial organisms, entering food chains and posing risks to human health. Despite the growing recognition of this issue, India's role in global MP pollution remains underexplored. This review underscores the urgent need for comprehensive research and improved waste management strategies to mitigate MP pollution.