Enhancing vertical farming with cutting-edge automation: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Vertical farming has emerged as a sustainable solution to urban food security, with automation playing a crucial role in enhancing productivity. Advanced technologies like aeroponics, hydroponics, and LED lighting have evolved traditional farming practices. Cutting-edge systems such as MACARONS, collaborative robots, AI, IoT, and machine learning automate vertical farms, optimizing temperature, nutrients, and growth conditions. These technologies not only improve operational efficiency but also significantly reduce labor costs. Environmental benefits include reduced food miles, up to 70% less water consumption, and decreased fossil fuel reliance through solar energy use. Despite challenges like high upfront costs and integration difficulties, future research in edge computing, personalized AI, and cost-effective solutions could further revolutionize vertical farming, making it a key player in achieving global food security and environmental sustainability.