Investigating the understanding, beliefs, and behaviors regarding over-the-counter (OTC) medications among rural communities: An analysis using cross-sectional research

Abstract

Aim: The research aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors concerning over-the-counter (OTC) medications in rural areas, while also identifying common reasons for their usage. Materials and Methods: Conducted in Hazijonj & Sharasti, Chandpur, Bangladesh, from October 2023 to January 2024, the four-month cross-sectional study employed a pre-validated questionnaire to collect data. This questionnaire, aligned with previous research, aimed to understand OTC drug usage patterns, reasons behind their use, and commonly used self-medication drugs. Results: Among 400 participants indicated a high awareness (91%) of OTC drugs, primarily driven by affordability (93%). Analgesics and antipyretics were the most frequently self-medicated drugs (100% prevalence), followed by antacids (90%). Pain and fever were the main reasons for OTC drug use, with headache, cough, and cold also prevalent. Regarding self-medication practices, a significant portion occasionally read product labels (36%), while a smaller percentage always checked expiry dates (31%). Most participants (91%) consumed OTC drugs when feeling unwell, and a majority (74%) consulted pharmacists before usage. Conclusion: The study underscores the widespread use of OTC drugs in rural communities due to their easy accessibility. However, it also highlights a lack of awareness regarding potential side effects, emphasizing the need to educate rural populations about the risks associated with self-medication and the importance of pharmacist consultation.