Ecological impact and aquaculture significance of Cyprinus carpio: A review

Abstract

Cyprinus carpio, commonly referred to as the common carp, is an exotic species with a widespread introduction across various global regions primarily for aquaculture and ornamental purposes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the ecological and economic significance of C. carpio, focusing on its history of introduction, adaptability to diverse environments, and its substantial impacts on native freshwater ecosystems. The review delves into the factors contributing to the species successful establishment and proliferation, including its biological traits and environmental tolerance. It further explores how C. carpio has influenced local biodiversity, altered habitat structures, and affected the dynamics of aquatic communities. By synthesizing historical data and recent research, this paper highlights the dual role of C. carpio as both a valuable aquaculture resource and a significant ecological disruptor. The findings underscore the need for balanced management strategies to harness the benefits of common carp while mitigating its adverse environmental impacts.