Management of dystocia in a Pomeranian: A case report

Abstract

Dystocia, the inability of a dam to expel the fetus without manual assistance, is a significant reproductive challenge in canines, with varying causes, including maternal factors and fetal factors. Pomeranians have been reported to have the highest incidence of reproductive disorders. Medical management of dystocia often involves the use of ecbolic agents like oxytocin and calcium, along with physical manipulation. However, these treatments are contraindicated in cases of obstructive dystocia due to the risk of increased fetal loss and traditionally C-section is the last hope. This case report describes the successful management of dystocia due to improper cervical dilation in a 5-year-old Pomeranian, which had mated with a Golden Retriever, resulting in a full-term pregnancy. The animal was presented with abdominal distention, unproductive straining and utero-verdin discharge, indicative of dystocia. After confirming the diagnosis of improper cervical dilation, treatment was initiated with intravenous fluids, calcium gluconate and multivitamins. Valethamate Bromide was administered intravenously to induce cervical dilation, followed by oxytocin to facilitate uterine contractions and fetal expulsion. The procedure resulted in the delivery of three live and one dead fetus within 45 minutes. Immediate neonatal care was provided to the live puppies. This case underscores the importance of timely intervention in dystocia cases to improve fetal viability and avoid the need for a Caesarean section and its associated complications. Proper management can significantly enhance outcomes for both the mother and the fetuses.