Molecular mechanisms and enzymatic pathways of keratin degradation by soil fungi Curvularia and Chrysosporium tropicum

Abstract

Keratin, a resilient structural protein found in feathers, hair, and nails, poses significant challenges for degradation. Soil fungi such as Curvularia and Chrysosporium tropicum have evolved sophisticated enzymatic pathways to break down keratin, involving keratinases and disulfide reductases. This study explores the molecular mechanisms and genetic regulation of keratin degradation by these fungi, emphasizing their optimal conditions and environmental influences. This study also explores the biotechnological applications of keratinases in waste management, the leather industry, cosmetics, and medicine. Addressing challenges in enzyme stability and activity, and advancements in genetic engineering, we propose future directions for optimizing keratinase production, ensuring environmental safety and enhancing industrial processes. Understanding these pathways provides insights into sustainable biotechnological solutions.