Understanding morpho-physiological responses of maize towards ammonium-loaded chitosan nano-fertilizer

Abstract

Global agriculture is frantically seeking for ways to mitigate the detrimental environmental effect of standard chemical fertilizers. Next-generation fertilizers made from biodegradable, eco-friendly, renewable energy sources may be the answer, allowing for greater nutrient efficiency and a lower environmental footprint. Chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) have recently been characterized as a viable way to improve plant immune systems through slow, controlled, and targeted nutrient delivery. Chitosan is a linear amino polysaccharide having a rigid structure, hydrophilic properties, and crystal structures. Chitosan, due to its amino group content, can combine with other chemicals, penetrate the plant's vascular system, and activate plant metabolic-physiological pathways. Surface-functionalization of chitosan with additional active compounds improves the bio-functionalities of the structure. In the current study, an ammonium-loaded chitosan nano-fertilizer (ACS NF) was formulated by ionic gelation, and its effectiveness on maize was comprehensively examined in a semi-field situation. The manufactured nano-fertilizer, at 3% (w/v), had a substantial influence on root dynamics as compared to control groups. According to the present research, ACS NF has the potential to be a very valuable and novel bio-stimulant, as well as a good supply of macronutrients for agricultural plants. It may also be thoroughly researched for other crops in order to further develop the technique.