Synthesis and evaluation of chitosan-based phosphatic nanofertilizer on morpho-physiological characteristics in maize under semi-field conditions

Abstract

Global agriculture is desperately looking for strategies to reduce the negative environmental impact of traditional chemical fertilizers. Next-generation fertilizers derived from biodegradable, eco-friendly, renewable energy sources might be the solution, allowing for increased nutrient usage efficiency and a smaller environmental imprint. Chitosan nanoparticles (NMs) have since been described as a potential effort to operate as plant immune system boosters via gradual, regulated, and targeted nutrient delivery to plants. Chitosan is a linear amino polysaccharide with a stiff structure, hydrophilic and crystal characteristics. Chitosan, due to the presence of amino groups, can form a combination with other substances, penetrate the plant's vascular system, and activate plant metabolic-physiological pathways. Chitosan NMs are a natural source of C (54.4-47.9 wt %), O (42.3-30.19 wt %), N (7.6-5.8 wt %), and P (6.1-3.4 wt %) for plants. Surface-functionalization of chitosan with additional active substances enhances the bio-functionalities of the created structure. Herein, an ammonium-phosphate-based chitosan nanofertilizer (AP-CS NF) was generated via ionic-gelation, and its performance was thoroughly investigated on maize in a semi-field setting. Lower doses (1-2% w/v) of the newly developed nanofertilizer had a significant impact on root dynamics as compared to control groups. As per the current study, the produced AP-CS NF has the potential to be a very valuable and innovative bio-stimulant, as well as an excellent source of macro-nutrients for agricultural plants. It may also be extensively studied for different crops to further mature the technology.